Lets write a C program to find smallest element in an array, without sorting the elements. And also print the position at which the smallest number is present in the array.
printf("Smallest Number: %d, at position %d.\n", small, pos);
return 0;
}
#include<stdio.h>
#define N 5
int main()
{
int a[N], i, small, pos;
printf("Enter %d integer numbers\n", N);
for(i = 0; i < N; i++)
{
scanf("%d", &a[i]);
if(i == 0 || small > a[i])
{
small = a[i];
pos = i + 1;
}
}
printf("Smallest Number: %d, at position %d.\n", small, pos);
return 0;
}
Output 1: Enter 5 integer numbers 9 8 6 2 5 Smallest Number: 2, at position 4.
Output 2: Enter 5 integer numbers 5 6 1 3 2 Smallest Number: 1, at position 3.
Logic To Find Smallest Element In An Array
We ask the user to input N integer numbers. N being Macro, used to assign array size. In above source code N is assigned a value of 5. So user enters 5 integer numbers. While the user inputs numbers we check if it’s the first number input by the user. If its the first number/element, then we assign that first number/element entered by the user to variable small and assign 1 to variable pos, indicating that its the first element in the array.
Next, for each consecutive iteration of the for loop we check if the new value entered by the user is smaller than the value present in variable small. If it’s true, then we assign the new value entered by the user to variable small and also update the value of pos accordingly.
Once i < N condition is false, control exits for loop and we print the value present inside variable small and pos which will have smallest of N numbers or the smallest element of the array and position of that element in the array.
printf("Smallest Number: %d, at position %d.\n", small, pos);
return 0;
}
#include<stdio.h>
#define N 5
int main()
{
int a[N], i, small, pos;
printf("Enter %d integer numbers\n", N);
for(i = 0; i < N; i++)
scanf("%d", &a[i]);
small = a[0];
pos = 1;
for(i = 1; i < N ; i++)
{
if(small > a[i])
{
small = a[i];
pos = i + 1;
}
}
printf("Smallest Number: %d, at position %d.\n", small, pos);
return 0;
}
Output 1: Enter 5 integer numbers 9 8 6 2 5 Smallest Number: 2, at position 4.
Output 2: Enter 5 integer numbers 5 2 6 4 3 Smallest Number: 2, at position 2.
Method 2: LOGIC
Here we accept N integer numbers from the user. Next we assign the first element of the array to variable small and 1 to pos. Now we use another for loop to loop through the array.
Inside for loop Inside for loop we check if the value present inside variable small is greater or bigger than the value present at a[i]. If it’s true, then we assign the value of a[i] to small and value of (i+1) to variable pos.
At the end of for loop, variable small and pos will have smallest element of the array and the position at which this number is present in the array.
Note: Since we assign the value of first element of the array(which is present at location a[0]) to variable small, while comparing with other elements of the array, we start comparing from a[1] till a[N-1]. That’s the reason we’ve assigned initial value of i to 1 in the second for loop.
Since a[0] is assigned to variable small, there is no point in comparing big with a[0]. So we start comparison from a[1].
Arrays is one of the most important topics in C programming language. In this video tutorial I’ll give you a brief introduction to Arrays.
Declaring Normal/regular Variable
Syntax:
Data_type variable_name;
Ex: int a;
Declaring Array Variable
Syntax:
Data_type variable_name[array_size];
Ex: int a[5];
Here array variable is a, it can hold upto 5 integer values.
Definition of Array
An array is a collection of data items, of same data type, accessed using a common name.
Important Notes About Arrays In C
1. All the elements inside an array MUST be of same data type. 2. If you try to enter more elements than the size allocated to the array, it’ll start throwing error. 3. If you input less number of elements than the size of array, then remaining memory blocks will be filled with zeros. 4. Array variable name(without index) holds the base address or the address of first element of the array. 5. Previous address plus the size of the data type of the array gives the address of next element in the array.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[5] = { 4, 5, 1, 9, 2 }, i;
printf("Array elements are:\n");
for(i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
printf("%d\n", a[i]);
}
return 0;
}
Output: Array elements are: 4 5 1 9 2
Since a[5] is of type integer, all the array elements must be integers too. we must enclose all the elements inside curly braces and each element must be separated by a comma.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[5] = { 4, 5, 1, 9, 2, 6 }, i;
printf("Array elements are:\n");
for(i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
printf("%d\n", a[i]);
}
return 0;
}
Output: warning: excess elements in array initializer.
In above source code we are trying to insert 6 integer values inside a[5], which can hold only 5 integer numbers. Hence compiler throws error and stops further compilation.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[] = { 4, 5, 2, 6, 1, 2, 4, 5 }, i;
printf("Array elements are:\n");
for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
printf("%d\n", a[i]);
}
return 0;
}
Output: Array elements are: 4 5 2 6 1 2 4 5
Here we’re not specifying the size of array variable a. Compiler dynamically allocates size to it based on the number of integer numbers assigned to it.
Another method of assigning values to array variable
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[3], i;
a[0] = 4;
a[1] = 5;
a[2] = 9;
printf("Array elements are:\n");
for(i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
printf("%d\n", a[i]);
}
return 0;
}
Output: Array elements are: 4 5 9
We could use the index and insert the value at specified position inside an array.
Note: Indexing starts from 0 in C programming language. For example, if you have an array a[5], then the elements are accessed one by one like this: a[0], a[1], a[2], a[3], a[4].
Here variable a will have base address or the address of first array element. In above program we’re printing the value of a and also the address where the first element of the array is stored. Both display the same address, meaning: a has base address or the address of first element in the array.
If you observe above addresses, there is a difference of 4 between each address. That’s because each memory cell stores integer type data(in above program), which is allocated with 4 bytes of memory(it is machine dependent).
Array of characters is called as string. Observe the output of above program. It has ampersand symbol at the end. To remove this kind of random symbols we need to let the program know the end of a string.
Character type data has 1 byte of allocated memory. Since this array stores characters in each cell, the address of consecutive element is 1 byte apart.
printf("Biggest of %d, %d and %d is %d\n", a, b, c, biggest(a, b, c));
return 0;
}
// function definition
int biggest(int x, int y, int z)
{
if(x > y && x > z)
{
return x;
}
else
{
if(y > z)
return y;
else
return z;
}
}
#include<stdio.h>
int biggest(int, int, int); // function prototype
int main()
{
int a, b, c;
printf("Enter 3 integer numbers\n");
scanf("%d%d%d", &a, &b, &c);
//function call biggest(a, b, c)
printf("Biggest of %d, %d and %d is %d\n", a, b, c, biggest(a, b, c));
return 0;
}
// function definition
int biggest(int x, int y, int z)
{
if(x > y && x > z)
{
return x;
}
else
{
if(y > z)
return y;
else
return z;
}
}
Output Enter 3 integer numbers 50 40 60 Biggest of 50, 40 and 60 is 60
Source Code: C Program To Find Biggest of Three Numbers using Function, Using Ternary Operator
printf("Biggest of %d, %d and %d is %d\n", a, b, c, biggest(a, b, c));
return 0;
}
// function definition
int biggest(int x, int y, int z)
{
return( (x>y && x>z)?x:(y>z)?y:z );
}
#include<stdio.h>
int biggest(int, int, int); // function prototype
int main()
{
int a, b, c;
printf("Enter 3 integer numbers\n");
scanf("%d%d%d", &a, &b, &c);
//function call biggest(a, b, c)
printf("Biggest of %d, %d and %d is %d\n", a, b, c, biggest(a, b, c));
return 0;
}
// function definition
int biggest(int x, int y, int z)
{
return( (x>y && x>z)?x:(y>z)?y:z );
}
Logic To Find Biggest of 3 Numbers using Function
We ask the user to enter 3 integer numbers. We pass those 3 integer numbers to user defined function biggest. Inside function biggest we use ternary operator to determine the biggest of those 3 numbers. Function biggest returns the biggest of the 3 numbers back to the calling method/function – in above progam its main() method.
Note: Function biggest returns integer type data. And it takes 3 arguments of type integer. We’re calling function biggest from inside printf() function.
printf("Biggest of %d and %d is %d\n", a, b, biggest(a, b));
return 0;
}
//function definition
int biggest(int x, int y)
{
return( x>y?x:y );
}
#include<stdio.h>
int biggest(int, int); // function prototype
int main()
{
int a, b;
printf("Enter 2 integer numbers\n");
scanf("%d%d", &a, &b);
// function call biggest(a, b)
printf("Biggest of %d and %d is %d\n", a, b, biggest(a, b));
return 0;
}
//function definition
int biggest(int x, int y)
{
return( x>y?x:y );
}
Output 1 Enter 2 integer numbers 50 25 Biggest of 50 and 25 is 50
Output 2 Enter 2 integer numbers -5 -10 Biggest of -5 and -10 is -5
Logic To Find Biggest of 2 Numbers using Function
We ask the user to enter 2 integer numbers. We pass those 2 integer numbers to user defined function biggest. Inside function biggest we use ternary operator to determine the biggest number. Function biggest returns the biggest of the 2 numbers.
x>y?x:y
Here if x is greater than y, x will be returned else y will be returned.
Note: Function biggest returns integer type data. And it takes 2 arguments of type integer. We’re calling function biggest from inside printf() function.
Lets write a C program to find sum of all the even numbers between range or between 2 integers input by the user, using for loop.
Even Number: An even number is an integer that is exactly divisible by 2.
For Example: 14 % 2 == 0. When we divide 14 by 2, it gives a reminder of 0. So number 14 is an even number.
Note: In this C program we ask the user to input start and end value. We assume that the user enters bigger value for variable end and smaller value for variable start. i.e., start < end If start value is greater than value present in end, we swap the values of variable start and end.
If user enters start = 5 and end = 14. C program finds all the even numbers between 5 and 14, including 5 and 14. So the even numbers are 6, 8, 10, 12, 14. We add all these even numbers and output the sum to the console window. i.e., 6 + 8 + 10 + 12 + 14 = 50. We out put the value 50 as result.
Logic To Find Sum of All Even Numbers Between Range, using For loop
Step 1: We ask the user to enter start and end value.
Step 2: We initialize count to start and iterate through the for loop until value of count is less than or equal to value of variable end. For each iteration of for loop count value increments by 1.
Step 3: For every iteration we check if value present in variable count is a even number. i.e., count % 2 == 0. If this condition is true, then we add the value present in variable count to the previous value of variable sum.
Step 4: Once the control exits for loop, we print the value present in variable sum – which has the sum of all the even numbers between the range entered by the user.
Source Code: C Program To Find Sum of All Even Numbers Between Range, using For loop
printf("Even numbers between %d and %d are:\n", start, end);
for(count = start; count <= end; count++)
{
if(count % 2 == 0)
{
printf("%d\n", count);
sum = sum + count;
}
}
printf("Sum of all the even numbers from %d to %d is %d\n", start, end, sum);
return 0;
}
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int start, end, temp, count, sum = 0;
printf("Enter start and end values\n");
scanf("%d%d", &start, &end);
if(start > end)
{
temp = start;
start = end;
end = temp;
}
printf("Even numbers between %d and %d are:\n", start, end);
for(count = start; count <= end; count++)
{
if(count % 2 == 0)
{
printf("%d\n", count);
sum = sum + count;
}
}
printf("Sum of all the even numbers from %d to %d is %d\n", start, end, sum);
return 0;
}
Output 1: Enter start and end values 5 14 Even numbers between 5 and 14 are: 6 8 10 12 14 Sum of all the even numbers from 5 to 14 is 50
Output 2: Enter start and end values 23 14 Even numbers between 14 and 23 are: 14 16 18 20 22 Sum of all the even numbers from 14 to 23 is 90
