Tag: operators

$exists, $type, $regex operators: MongoDB

In today’s video tutorial, lets learn to use $exists, $type and $regex operators.

mongodb-exisits-type-regex

Documents in our collection
test database, names collection.

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> use test
switched to db test
> show collections
names
system.indexes
 
> db.names.find().pretty()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d4604cc1cb0a7bfc3c0"), "name" : "Alia" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d5204cc1cb0a7bfc3c1"), "name" : "Bebo" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d5904cc1cb0a7bfc3c2"), "name" : "Chameli" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d6104cc1cb0a7bfc3c3"), "name" : "Dev D" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d6804cc1cb0a7bfc3c4"), "name" : "Emli" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d8604cc1cb0a7bfc3c5"), "name" : "Farhan" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d9204cc1cb0a7bfc3c6"), "name" : "Gangs" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d9904cc1cb0a7bfc3c7"), "name" : "Hum" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5e3704cc1cb0a7bfc3c8"), "name" : 25 }
 
> db.names.insert({"name": "Satish", "age": 27});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
 
 
> db.names.find().pretty()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d4604cc1cb0a7bfc3c0"), "name" : "Alia" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d5204cc1cb0a7bfc3c1"), "name" : "Bebo" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d5904cc1cb0a7bfc3c2"), "name" : "Chameli" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d6104cc1cb0a7bfc3c3"), "name" : "Dev D" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d6804cc1cb0a7bfc3c4"), "name" : "Emli" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d8604cc1cb0a7bfc3c5"), "name" : "Farhan" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d9204cc1cb0a7bfc3c6"), "name" : "Gangs" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d9904cc1cb0a7bfc3c7"), "name" : "Hum" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5e3704cc1cb0a7bfc3c8"), "name" : 25 }
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("53beaa0f6a8a31dc255d4589"),
        "name" : "Satish",
        "age" : 27
}

Observe the documents – it has some names which are in alphabetical order. Last document has an extra field called age. And another odd entry is a document with name as 25.

$exists take 2 values, true or false

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> db.names.find({"age": {$exists: true}});
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53beaa0f6a8a31dc255d4589"), "name" : "Satish", "age" : 27 }
 
> db.names.find({"age": {$exists: false}});
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d4604cc1cb0a7bfc3c0"), "name" : "Alia" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d5204cc1cb0a7bfc3c1"), "name" : "Bebo" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d5904cc1cb0a7bfc3c2"), "name" : "Chameli" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d6104cc1cb0a7bfc3c3"), "name" : "Dev D" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d6804cc1cb0a7bfc3c4"), "name" : "Emli" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d8604cc1cb0a7bfc3c5"), "name" : "Farhan" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d9204cc1cb0a7bfc3c6"), "name" : "Gangs" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d9904cc1cb0a7bfc3c7"), "name" : "Hum" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5e3704cc1cb0a7bfc3c8"), "name" : 25 }

If $exists is true, it retrieves documents which has the specified field. If $exists is false, then it retrieves all the documents which do not have the specified field.

$exists, $type, $regex operators: MongoDB


[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kAU4egwsBYo]

YouTube Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kAU4egwsBYo [Watch the Video In Full Screen.]



$type take numeric value(BSON specification)

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> db.names.find({"name": {$type: 1}});
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5e3704cc1cb0a7bfc3c8"), "name" : 25 }
 
> db.names.find({"name": {$type: 2}});
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d4604cc1cb0a7bfc3c0"), "name" : "Alia" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d5204cc1cb0a7bfc3c1"), "name" : "Bebo" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d5904cc1cb0a7bfc3c2"), "name" : "Chameli" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d6104cc1cb0a7bfc3c3"), "name" : "Dev D" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d6804cc1cb0a7bfc3c4"), "name" : "Emli" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d8604cc1cb0a7bfc3c5"), "name" : "Farhan" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d9204cc1cb0a7bfc3c6"), "name" : "Gangs" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d9904cc1cb0a7bfc3c7"), "name" : "Hum" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53beaa0f6a8a31dc255d4589"), "name" : "Satish", "age" : 27 }
TypeNumber
Double1
String2
Object3
Array4
Binary data5
Undefined6
Object id7
Boolean8
Date9
Null10
Regular Expression11
JavaScript13
Symbol14
JavaScript (with scope)15
32-bit integer16
Timestamp17
64-bit integer18
Min key255
Max key127

$regex (similar to perl regular expression)

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> db.names.find({"name": {$regex: "e"}});
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d5204cc1cb0a7bfc3c1"), "name" : "Bebo" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d5904cc1cb0a7bfc3c2"), "name" : "Chameli" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d6104cc1cb0a7bfc3c3"), "name" : "Dev D" }
 
> db.names.find({"name": {$regex: "^E"}});
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d6804cc1cb0a7bfc3c4"), "name" : "Emli" }
 
> db.names.find({"name": {$regex: "h$"}});
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53beaa0f6a8a31dc255d4589"), "name" : "Satish", "age" : 27 }
 
> db.names.find({"name": {$regex: "^[A-Z]"}});
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d4604cc1cb0a7bfc3c0"), "name" : "Alia" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d5204cc1cb0a7bfc3c1"), "name" : "Bebo" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d5904cc1cb0a7bfc3c2"), "name" : "Chameli" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d6104cc1cb0a7bfc3c3"), "name" : "Dev D" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d6804cc1cb0a7bfc3c4"), "name" : "Emli" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d8604cc1cb0a7bfc3c5"), "name" : "Farhan" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d9204cc1cb0a7bfc3c6"), "name" : "Gangs" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d9904cc1cb0a7bfc3c7"), "name" : "Hum" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53beaa0f6a8a31dc255d4589"), "name" : "Satish", "age" : 27 }
 
> db.names.find({"name": {$regex: "^[A-E]"}});
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d4604cc1cb0a7bfc3c0"), "name" : "Alia" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d5204cc1cb0a7bfc3c1"), "name" : "Bebo" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d5904cc1cb0a7bfc3c2"), "name" : "Chameli" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d6104cc1cb0a7bfc3c3"), "name" : "Dev D" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53be5d6804cc1cb0a7bfc3c4"), "name" : "Emli" }

$regex: “e” retrieves all the documents in which small letter “e” is present.
$regex: “^E” retrieves all the documents which has it’s name beginning letter as “E”.
$regex: “h$” retrieves all the documents which has it’s name ending letter as “h”.
$regex: “^[A-Z]” retrieves all the documents which has it’s name starting with characters “A” to “Z”.
$regex: “^[A-E]” retrieves all the documents which has it’s name starting with characters “A” to “E”.

Note: There is more to regular expression, this video is just an introduction. We’ll cover more about regular expressions in a separate video of it’s own.

(Basic) Find Sum Using Dynamic Memory Allocation: C++

This video tutorial illustrates basics of Dynamic memory allocation in C++. It shows the use of new and delete operator for allocating and deallocating the memory dynamically.

Find the sum of entered elements using dynamic memory allocation in c++.

In cpp, dynamic memory management can be done using the operators new and delete.
Operator new is used to allocate the memory during execution time or run time, the dynamically allocated memory can be freed / released using the operator delete.
Syntax:

< data_type >  < pointer_variable > = new < data_type >[size];

Full Source code

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#include< iostream .h>
#include< conio .h>
 
void main()
{
  int sum=0, N;
  clrscr();
 
  cout< <"Enter array size\n";
  cin>>N;
 
  int *a = new int[N];
  cout< <"\nEnter "<<N<<" integer numbers"<<endl;
  for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
   cin>>a[i];
 
   cout< <"Input array is.."<<endl;
   for(i=0; i<N; i++)
   {
    cout<<a[i]<<endl;
    sum = sum + a[i]; // sum += a[i];
   }
   cout<<"Total Sum: "<<sum;
 
   delete(a);
   getch();
}

We need not include any extra header file to perform dynamic memory allocation or de-allocation.

int *ptr = new int[N];

here it is mandatory to take pointer variable for dynamic memory allocation.

for de-allocation we use delete operator: delete(ptr);

NOTE:
Student *p = new Student[3];

where Student is a user defined data type, maybe structure or class.

Student *p = new Student; // This is for only 1 student.

Video Tutorial:(Basic) Find Sum Using Dynamic Memory Allocation


[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iqqfa-UjONo]

YouTube Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iqqfa-UjONo [Watch the Video In Full Screen.]



Output:
Enter array size
5
Enter 5 integer numbers
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5
Input array is..
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5
Total Sum: 15